(NOTE:
The following text is believed to be a paraphrase by Richard McDonald
of one or both of the following U.S. Supreme Court decisions:
Clearfield Trust Company v. United States, 318 U.S. 363;  and,
Bank of United States v. Planters Bank, 9 Wheaton (22 U.S.) 904)

[begin quote]

     I strongly  advise you  to read the case of Clearfield Trust
Company  v.  United  States,   concerning  the  "status"  of  any
government that uses private commercial paper as its "money".  It
is herein included for you to pass along:

     Governments  descend   to  the   level  of  a  mere  private
     corporation and  take on  the character  of a  mere  private
     citizen [where  private corporate  commercial paper {Federal
     Reserve Notes}  are concerned]  ....   For purposes of suit,
     such corporations and individuals  are regarded as an entity
     entirely separate from government.

[end quote]


The latter text is believed to be a paraphrase by Richard McDonald
of one or both of the following U.S. Supreme Court decisions:
Clearfield Trust Company v. United States, 318 U.S. 363;  and,
Bank of United States v. Planters Bank, 9 Wheaton (22 U.S.) 904.

The following is believed to be the original source for the paraphrase above;
quoting from Bank of United States v. Planters Bank:


"It is, we think, a sound principle that when a government
becomes a partner in any trading company, it divests itself,
so far as concerns the transactions of that company,
of its sovereign character and takes that of a private citizen.

"Instead of communicating to the company its privileges and its prerogatives, 
it descends to a level with those with whom it associates itself and 
takes the character which belongs to its associates, and to the business 
which is to be transacted.

"Thus, many states of this Union who have an interest in banks
are not suable even in their own courts; yet they never exempt the corporation
from being sued.

"The State of Georgia, by giving to the bank the capacity to sue and be sued,
voluntarily strips itself of its sovereign character so far as respects
the transactions of the bank and waives all the privileges of that character.

"As a member of a corporation, a government never exercises its sovereignty.
It acts merely as a corporator, and exercises no other power in the management 
of the affairs of the corporation than are expressly given by the incorporating act."



Sincerely yours,

/s/ Paul Andrew Mitchell

Paul Andrew Mitchell, B.A.,  M.S.
Private Attorney General (18 U.S.C. 1964),
Criminal Investigator and Federal Witness (18 U.S.C. 1510, 1512-1513)

email:    supremelawfirm@gmail.com

website:  http://supremelaw.org


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Clearfield Trust Company v. U.S.